Archives
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A-769662 mg Several recent reviews have appeared covering di
2021-02-23
Several recent reviews have appeared covering different aspects of the sPLA2 family of enzymes, including sPLA2-V, and the interested reader is kindly directed to these for specific details [34,[135], [136], [137]]. It is important to remark here, however, that recent studies on sPLA2-V suggest that
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Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet UV
2021-02-23
Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun injures human skin, which might lead to premature aging and skin pathologies [1], [2]. Chronic exposure to UV (especially ultraviolet-B, UVB) irradiation could profoundly affect the skin epidermis, interfering with the ker
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Each of these substrate receptors belongs to
2021-02-23
Each of these substrate receptors belongs to a multigene family with tens, if not hundreds of members in plants, and with in part overlapping and in part differential substrate specificities [4]. The complexity of the system is nicely illustrated by the F-box protein and auxin receptor TRANSPORT INH
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Mulan is one of three E
2021-02-23
Mulan is one of three E3 ubiquitin ligases that are present in the mitochondria along with MARCH5/MITOL (membrane associated RING-CH5) and RNF185 [14], [15], [16], [17]. Mulan is a 352-residue polypeptide that crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane (OMM) twice, its amino-terminus, which includes t
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Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three
2021-02-23
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti
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Valproic acid VPA is a first line treatment for epilepsy
2021-02-23
Valproic clofibrate (VPA) is a first-line treatment for epilepsy and bipolar disorder, although its therapeutic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Considerable evidence suggests that VPA can act through the GABAergic system, NMDA receptors, and/or sodium channels (for review, see Löscher,
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The mechanisms in the central nervous
2021-02-22
The mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) controlling the sympathetic tone of the 10-Hydroxycamptothecin are associated to behavioral strategies, such as those involved in response to stress. In this regard, morphine withdrawal induces profound and severe stress reactions evidenced by enha
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In our ongoing investigation of
2021-02-22
In our ongoing investigation of the structure activity relationship of benzenesulfonamide anti-inflammatory activity, we designed and synthesized a novel set of benzenesulfonamide derivatives starting from commercially available sodium saccharin. The pivotal features of our approach aimed to do som
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br Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc f
2021-02-22
Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/34289/2006) from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Portugal. This work was supported by the Spanish National Plan for Research (Project Ref. CGL2011-24
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To identify and characterize new possible
2021-02-22
To identify and characterize new possible molecular targets, the mechanisms of various kinds of TCDD toxicities that occur by abnormal regulation in the downstream of AhR signals have been studied (Yoshioka et al., 2011). Experimental evidence has revealed that prostanoids (i.e., prostaglandins and
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Interestingly anti inflammatory actions for
2021-02-22
Interestingly, anti-inflammatory actions for sPLA2-V were also described in mice a few years ago in a model of autoimmune complex mediated arthritis [148]. A novel mechanism was delineated, whereby sPLA2-V promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages to ameliorate inflammation in autoimm
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br Mechanisms of acquired resistance
2021-02-22
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR inhibitors After treatment with first or second generation EGFR TKIs, virtually all patients after approximately 12 months develop acquired resistance (AR). Different mechanisms of AR to EGFR TKIs have been reported to date and may
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The outcome of DGK function will thus depend
2021-02-22
The outcome of DGK function will thus depend on the binding partners of each DGK isoform, and the effects that they exert can be quite different. A clear example of this concept has been demonstrated for the type IV DGKs, ζ and ι, which are structurally very similar but have opposing effects on Ras
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MTT results show that both pancreatic cell lines were quite
2021-02-20
MTT results show that, both pancreatic cell lines were quite sensitive to camptothecin (CPT), a well known topoisomerase I poison. Interestingly, CPT does not show any selectivity over cancer cell lines probably due to the duplication times for cancerous (MIA PaCa-2) and immortalized healthy (HPDEC)
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Programmed cell death via apoptosis is associated with a ser
2021-02-20
Programmed cell death via apoptosis is associated with a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell shrinkage, the rapid increase of intracellular calcium, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Known as a shared feature of most ap